The net volume of growing stock trees removed from the inventory during a specified year by harvesting, cultural operations such as timber stand improvement, or land clearing.

A commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that is composed, in whole or in significant part, of biological products or renewable domestic agricultural materials (including plant, animal, and marine materials) or forestry materials.

Biodiesel is a methylester derived from vegetable oils or animal fats by the process of trans-esterification. Biodiesel has similar properties as fossil diesel or used as pure biofuel.

Bioenergy is the energy derived from biomass. This can be electricity, heat, transportation fuels or gas (biomethan).

Bioethanol is an alcohol – C2H5OH – derived from sugar by fermentation. The crops used for the production of ethanol for energy purposes contain sugar (like sugar beets or sugar cane) or starch like cereals or corn. In the latter case starch is hydrolyzed to sugar and then fermented to alcohol.

Biofuels should mean biomass fuels, or in other words any fuels derived from biomass. Sometimes the term biofuels means transportation biofuels. 

Biogas is a gas containing 50-70% biomethane. It is produced by micro-organisms under anaerobic conditions from different sources of wet biomass such as manure, fresh crops, and organic waste. The process of biogas production take place in landfill sites and also in swamps and other places in the nature, where organic matter is stored under anaerobic conditions.

The plants use the carbon from the air via photosynthesis to build carbohydrates like starch, cellulose, vegetable oils, protein and others. Biomass includes a broad variety of materials such as wood, by-products of the wood and forestry industry, agricultural crops and by-products, manure, the organic matter of waste streams. Biomass can also be seen as stored solar energy.

The use of biomass feedstock to produce electric power or heat through direct combustion of the feedstock, through gasification and then combustion of the resultant gas, or through other thermal conversion processes. Power is generated with engines, turbines, fuel cells, or other equipment.

A facility that processes and converts biomass in value-added products. These products can range from biomaterials to fuels such as ethanol or important feedstocks for the production of chemicals and other materials. Biorefineries can be based on a number of processing platforms using mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biochemical processes.

Solution of lignin-residue and the pulping chemicals used to extract lignin during the manufacture of woodpulp.

Carbon Dioxide. A greenhouse gas, approximately 0.03% of the Earths atmosphere by volume. CO2 emissions occur through combustion of fossil fuels and some industrial processes. Natural emissions of CO2 also occur with the oceans, biomass decomposition and in the land.

Clean Development Mechanism. The mechanism whereby a  Annex I country can initiate projects in a developing country that has no emissions cap and gains credits (CER) that can be used in an Annex B country to offset emissions in excess of assigned amount under Kyoto.

Certified Emission Reductions. Annex I investors in CDM projects can earn Certified emission reduction units (CERs) equivalent to one tonne of C02 for the amount of greenhouse emission reductions achieved by their CDM projects.

Methane. Gas generated by grazing animals and decay of organic matter; 21 times more potent than CO2 as a greenhouse gas.

Combined heat and power units are designed to produce simultaneously heat and electricity. The term cogeneration is also used for such units.

Energy crops are those annual or perennial plants that are specifically cultivated to produce solid, liquid or gaseous forms of energy, including transportation fuels. These can be traditional crops such as oilseeds (rape, soybean, sunflower), cereals (wheat, barley, maize), sugar beet and new dedicated perennial energy crops – only planted for energy purposes – such as short rotation coppices (willows, poplars), miscanthus, reed canary grass and others.

EU allowances. Emissions allowances under the 2003 EU emissions trading scheme approved by the EU parliament in June 2003.

A product used as the basis for manufacture of another product.

Final energy consumption is the energy finally consumed in the transport 

Consumption (FEC) industrial, commercials, agricultural, public and household sectors. It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector and to the energy industries themselves. 

Wood used for conversions to some form of energy, primarily for residential use.

Greenhouse gases. The gases that trap solar radiation and help the earth to be habitable by maintaining the temperature. The Kyoto Protocol recognises six that contribute to the “enhanced greenhouse effect”. These are CO2, CH4, N2O, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and SF6.

The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit of fuel when it is burned completely with oxygen and when the vapour produced during combustion is condensed to liquid water. GCV includes the heat of condensation and is therefore independent upon the moisture content.

Gross inland consumption is the quantity of energy consumed within the borders of a country. It is calculated using the following formula: Primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes - exports – bunker (i.e. quantities supplied to sea going ships).

The UN body that undertakes scientific assessments of climate change including climate change science, impacts, adaptation and mitigation options.

The mechanism where a developed country funds a project in another developed country and the credit vests in the funding country.

Nitrous Oxide. Global warming potential of 310. 

The net calorific value (or lower heating value – LHV) is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the water contained in the fuel is transformed to vapour and not condensated to water again. This quantity therefore does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour. The net calorific value of a given biomass depends on the content of dry matter (excluding minerals) and moisture. The higher the moisture content and minerals content (giving ashes) the lower the net calorific value.

Small-diameter roundwood or whole-tree chips that are primarily used for the production of wood pulp

Renewable energy is a flux energy whose consumption does not decrease the resource. It includes hydroelectricity, biomass, wind, solar thermal, photovoltaics, tidal and geothermal energy.

Bark and woody materials that are generated in primary wood-using mills when roundwood products are converted to other products. Examples are slabs, edgings, trimmings, sawdust, shavings, veneer cores and clippings, and pulp screenings. Includes bark residues and wood residues (both coarse and fine materials) but excludes logging residues.

The ton of oil equivalent is a conventional standardized unit for measuring energy, defined on the basis for a ton of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kJ/kg.